Theory of evolution

Charles Robert Dawin(12/2/1809-19/4/1882),he was a British biologist that sat down the bases of the modern theory from the evolution when outlining the concept of evolution of the species through a slow process of natural selection.

TRAVEL IN THE BEAGLE(27/12/1831-2/10/1836)
After graduating in Cambridge in 1831, the young Darwin signed up to the 22 years in the recognition ship HMS Beagle like naturalistic without pay, thank you in great measure to the recommendation of Henslow, to undertake a scientific expedition around the world. The expedition lasted five years and it picked up data in the water, geologic and meteorological in South America and other many places.The observations of Darwin took him to develop the theory of the natural selection.

THE THEORY OF THE EVOLUTION DE DARWIN
The observations told him that the life is evolution and that some species originate of others.

The evolutionary theory or darwinismo are summed up in the following points:
1ºThe forms of life are not static but rather they evolve;the species change continually, unite they originate and others of they extinguish.
2ºThe process of the evolution is gradual, slow and continuous, without discontinuous jumps or sudden changes.
3ºThe similar organisms are related and they descend of a common ancestor.All the alive organisms can go back to an only origin common of the life.
4ºThe natural selection is the key, in two phases that he/she explains the whole system.
The first phase is the production of variability: the generation of spontaneous modifications in the individuals.
The second, the selection through the survival in the fight for the life: the individuals better gifted, those that have been born with favorable spontaneous modifications to make in front of the environment will have more possibilities to survive, of reproducing and of leaving descendant with these advantages.

The points 1º and 3º were accepted by most of scientific serious.
The point 2º followed trajectories you give same.
The point 4º have been the most discussed one as much for biologists as for philosophers.